A Developers Guide to Building Accessible Websites

Introduction

A Developers Guide to Building Accessible Websites is more than just a checklist — it’s a mindset that ensures your digital products are usable by everyone, regardless of ability. Accessibility is a key factor not only in creating an inclusive web but also in improving SEO, performance, and user satisfaction.

According to the World Health Organization, over 1 billion people globally live with a disability. Failing to consider accessibility in your development process can alienate a huge portion of your potential audience and open your website to legal risks. This guide explores practical tips for developers to build accessible websites that prioritize inclusion and functionality.

1. Use Semantic HTML

The foundation of building accessible websites starts with semantic HTML. Tags like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> provide structure and meaning to assistive technologies like screen readers.

• Use headings (<h1> to <h6>) in a hierarchical order.
• Label forms using <label> tags associated with inputs.
• Use lists, tables, and landmarks appropriately to convey structure.

Why it Matters

Semantic HTML ensures that content is logically structured, making it easier for assistive devices to navigate and interpret the page.

2. Ensure Keyboard Navigability

Accessible websites must work seamlessly for users who rely solely on a keyboard. Every interactive element should be reachable via the Tab key and follow a logical order.

• Avoid custom elements that don’t support keyboard navigation by default.
• Make sure :focus states are clearly visible.
• Implement skip links for bypassing repetitive content.

Developer Tip

Use the Chrome DevTools or Lighthouse to test keyboard navigation and identify any focus traps.

3. Add ARIA Landmarks and Roles When Needed

While semantic HTML should be the default, sometimes ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles are necessary to fill in the gaps.

• Use roles like role="button", role="dialog", or aria-label to enhance non-semantic elements.
• Avoid using ARIA when native HTML elements serve the purpose.

Caution

Incorrect ARIA usage can hurt more than help. Follow the WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices for best results.

4. Provide Text Alternatives for Media

All non-text content must have a text alternative to ensure accessibility.

• Add descriptive alt text to images.
• Use captions and transcripts for videos.
• Ensure audio-only content is paired with text descriptions.

Bonus SEO Boost

Text alternatives improve crawlability and context for search engines as well, making them a win-win for accessibility and SEO.

5. Ensure Sufficient Color Contrast

Color contrast affects readability, especially for users with visual impairments.

• Use a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text.
• Tools like WebAIM Contrast Checker help evaluate contrast ratios.
• Avoid relying solely on color to convey meaning (e.g., red for error).

Design Insight

Complement color indicators with icons or labels for greater clarity.

6. Make Forms Accessible

Forms are a major interaction point on any site. Ensure they are:

• Labeled clearly with visible <label> tags.
• Grouped logically using <fieldset> and <legend>.
• Marked with descriptive error messages and success confirmations.

Extra Tip

Use aria-describedby to link help text or error messages with form inputs.

7. Test with Real Users and Assistive Technology

Building accessible websites isn’t complete without real-world testing.

• Use screen readers like NVDA, VoiceOver, or JAWS.
• Conduct usability testing with people who use assistive technologies.
• Validate using tools like axe DevTools.

Continuous Improvement

Accessibility is an ongoing process, not a one-time fix. Regular testing is essential.

8. Follow WCAG Guidelines

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) set the global standard for web accessibility.

• Aim to meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards.
• Key principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust (POUR).
• Refer to WCAG Quick Reference for a developer-friendly breakdown.

Conclusion

A Developers Guide to Building Accessible Websites is essential reading for any developer who wants to create inclusive, user-friendly digital experiences. From using semantic HTML and keyboard-friendly interfaces to applying ARIA roles and testing with real users, every step makes a difference.

Accessible websites not only serve more people — they also perform better in SEO, offer superior UX, and reflect well on your brand.

At Ace Web Design Studios, we believe great design is inclusive design. Need help making your website accessible? Contact us today to learn more.